When, my dear, Atman is seen, heard about, reflected upon and contemplated on, all this universe becomes known. (Yajnavalkya teaching his wife Maitreyi)
Brihadaryanika Up. – 4.5.6
Review of article on Shankara by Ramakrisnan Balasubramanian
(This is a slightly modified article published here one year ago, which was improperly and incompletely posted. Ramesam had asked me to review the following article, with which I complied after much hesitation. The article is over 40 p. long and quite dense and complicated in parts – in other words, ‘academic’: for specialists only; one could add: cutting the slices so thin, that the substance is practically lost, or forgotten).
Review of ‘A New Approach to Understanding Advaita as Taught by ´Sa ˙ nkara Bhagavadp¯ada’ – by Ramakrishnan Balasubrahmanian. Continue reading
The Self and self control
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The Supreme Self of one who has control over the aggregate of his body and organs, and who is tranquil, becomes manifest. [He should be equipoised] in the midst of cold and heat, happiness and sorrow, as also honor and dishonor.
— Bhagavad-Gita, Ch VI, sloka 7
http://ebookbrowsee.net/srimad-bhagavad-gita-shankara-bhashya-english-pdf-d356705117
Self – Presence-awareness
…what you are, really, is this shining, ever-present sense of being, awareness, presence, is-ness or whatever. The thought ‘I’ or the sense of being a person or ‘ego’ is only a thought or idea appearing in awareness. Just see that all the other binding thoughts and ideas spin around that idea of an ‘I’ – not your actual presence. Presence-awareness is not a limited person at all. It is the vast, mirror-like, awareness-space in which everything arises. This is you. This is your home.
John Wheeler, Awakening to The Natural State, Non-Duality Press, 2004. ISBN 0954779231. Extract Link, Review Link. Buy from Amazon US, Buy from Amazon UK
More on ekajIva vAda
Rather than add more comments to the ‘mokSha for All’ thread, I thought it better to make this a separate post. It is the same topic but here I posed a question to AchArya Dr. Sadananda of Chinmaya Mission, Washington, whom I have known for a long time. I have interposed comments in his response and his follow-up comments have been added in green.
Dennis:
Obviously any statement about the ‘nature’ of absolute reality can only be made from the jIva’s standpoint; i.e. an ‘as though’ pAramArthika statement made in vyavahAra. Thus, any talk about a world is clearly a vyAvahArika statement; aham brahmAsmi is an ‘as though’ pAramArthika statement.
Sada:
Dennis – aham brahmaasmi is statement of understanding of the truth – it is recognition of that paaramaarthika state but expressed using the instruments available in vyavhaaha that is the BMI. It is not just vyaavahaarika statement about paramaarthika state. It is like when I say sugar is sweet – it is statement which may not mean much to a listener who may not know what sweetness means, but it means a lot to one who knows and is the statement born of direct experiential understanding – or aparoxaanubhuti. Continue reading
The Self – Projection
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What you see is nothing but your self. Call it what you like, it does not change the fact. Through the film of destiny, your own light depicts pictures on the screen. You are the viewer, the light, the picture and the screen. Even the film of destiny (prarabdha) is self-selected and self-imposed.
Nisargadatta Maharaj
Atman- mirror
1.19. Just as a mirror exists within and without the image reflected in it, so the Supreme Self exists inside and outside this body.
The idea is this: The image in the mirror has no real existence. It is a mere appearance. Only the mirror exists. Similarly, only the Self exists. Body, mind, etc have no real existence. It is only by being superimposed on the Self that they appear to exist. Just as the reflection cannot affect the mirror, so body, mind etc cannot affect the Self.
aShTAvakra saMhitA, Swami Nityaswarupananda, Advaita Ashrama, No ISBN.
Atma-j.āna, Self-knowledge (2)
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(ii) Svarūpa-j.āna, knowledge of one’s true nature. What is the nature of this
Atman? Unfortunately we are aware of only the existence of the Atman but, owing to the covering of kāraṇa-aj.āna, we are not aware of its true nature, svarūpa. According to Shankara, the true nature of the Atman can be known only from Vedantic scriptures. The Upanishads state that the true nature of Atman is Brahman. This kind of knowledge is at first only a conceptual knowledge produced by mental vṛttis, modifications. But this vṛtti-j.āna is the starting point. According to Shankara, once this knowledge is gained, all that remains to be done is to stop identifying oneself with one’s body, mind, and so on.
This non-identification, practised with the help of the ‘neti, neti ’ process,begins as dṛg-dṛśya-viveka—discrimination between the seer and the seen—andculminates in a higher type of inner absorption, known as nididhyāsana.
Sureshwaracharya equates nididhyāsana with savikalpa samādhi. Beyond this lies nirvikalpa samādhi, in which akhaṇdākāra-vṛtti, a unitary mental mode, removes themūlāvidyā, causal ignorance. When the mūlāvidyā is completely removed, the Atman is realized as Brahman. When this happens, astitva-j.āna is replaced by svarūpa-j.āna.
The popular notion that in Advaitic experience the Atman ‘merges’ into Brahman is not quite true.
The Atman remains as self-existence. Owing to the coverings of aj.āna and its products, the Atman is at first experienced as ‘I exist’. But as the coverings are removed, the Atman’s self-existence expands until it becomes infinite. The same Atman that was at the beginning remains at the end also, only its coverings are gone; we then call it Brahman.
From: Four Basic Principles of Advaita Vedanta
by Swami Bhajanananda, Ramakrishna Mission
Source: Prabuddha Bharata — Jan/Feb 2010
Some Thoughts And Questions On ‘mokSha for all’
Our last ‘Thoughts and Questions’ proved so popular that we are offering a new topic for your consideration:
I received an interesting Question that touches on several aspects of creation and liberation for ‘everyone’. I posted the question at Advaitin discussion group because of my doubt about its value in gaining Self-Knowledge which is after all the one that matters for us here. The question is this:
“Is there any teaching anywhere in the scriptures regarding the enlightenment and ‘freeing’ of all jIva-s? What the questioner is getting at is: will the cycle of sRRiShTi – sthiti – laya ever come to an end, namely when there are no more jIva-s left to be enlightened? Or even: if this does occur at some point, will the process start all over again with a new set of jIva-s? If not, what happens then?”
My initial apprehension was that any ‘answer’ is clearly going to be in the same category as the various creation myths that we can find scattered about in the scriptures. However, a lively discussion ensued that eventually led to eka jIva vAda, a powerful but contentious theory that describes liberation of the jIva and the simultaneous end of creation.
I give below some of the salient points that have come up in those discussions: Continue reading
Atma-j.āna, Self-knowledge (1)
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This, again, is of two kinds: astitva-j.āna and svarūpa-j.āna.
(i) Astitva-j.āna, knowledge of one’s existence. If Atman and Brahman were completely hidden by aj.āna, then we would know nothing about our own existence or about other things, and we would be no better than a stone or a clod of earth. But, like the light of the sun coming through dark clouds, the light of the Atman comes through the coverings of aj.āna. It is this filtered light of Atman that gives us the notion ‘I exist’. My own existence, astitva, does not need any proof; it is self-evident, svataḥ-siddha.
This awareness of our own existence comes from the Atman in us.
It should be mentioned here that the ‘I’ or ego in us is the result of the association of the Atman, which is cit or pure Consciousness, and buddhi, which is jaḍa or aj.āna. This association is conceived as a ‘knot’, cit-jaḍa-granthi, or as a red-hot iron ball—fire stands for the Atman, the iron ball for buddhi—or as a transparent crystal appearing as red owing to the presence of a red flower near it.
When we say ‘I exist’, the ‘exist’ aspect comes directly from the Atman.
From: Four Basic Principles of Advaita Vedanta, Sw. Bhajanananda,
Ramakrishna Mission, Source: Prabuddha Bharata — Jan/Feb 2010
- Part 2 will be posted in a few days